Alfama, nestled in the heart of Lisbon, boasts a rich tapestry of history that dates back over a millennium. Originally established during the Moorish rule of Lisbon in the 8th century, Alfama was a thriving Muslim community known for its defensive walls and narrow, winding streets designed to confuse attackers. After the Christian reconquest of Lisbon in 1147, Alfama became a melting pot of cultures, with Christians, Jews, and Muslims living side by side. The neighborhood flourished as a bustling port district, housing sailors, traders, and artisans who contributed to its vibrant maritime economy.
Alfama's medieval layout survived the catastrophic 1755 earthquake, making it one of the few neighborhoods in Lisbon to retain its original architecture and urban fabric. The Lisbon Cathedral (Sé de Lisboa), built in the 12th century on the site of a former mosque, and the São Jorge Castle, a Moorish fortress later expanded by Christian kings, stand as enduring symbols of Alfama's historical significance. The neighborhood's labyrinthine streets, adorned with colorful azulejos and adorned with hanging laundry, evoke a sense of timeless charm and authenticity.
Throughout its history, Alfama has witnessed significant cultural and social transformations. It has been a hub for traditional Portuguese arts, including Fado music, which emerged from its taverns and alleyways as an expression of longing and melancholy. Today, Alfama retains its allure as a living museum of Lisbon's past, attracting visitors with its picturesque vistas, authentic eateries serving local delicacies like grilled sardines and bacalhau (salted cod), and vibrant festivals such as the Feast of Saint Anthony in June. Exploring Alfama is a journey through time, where each corner reveals layers of history, tradition, and the enduring spirit of Lisbon's oldest neighborhood.