Praça do Comércio, or Commerce Square, occupies a pivotal place in Lisbon's history and urban landscape. Originally known as Terreiro do Paço (Palace Square), it was rebuilt in the aftermath of the 1755 earthquake under the direction of Marquis of Pombal, the prime minister responsible for the city's reconstruction. The square was designed as a symbol of Lisbon's recovery and aspirations for trade and maritime power during the Age of Discovery. Its architecture reflects the neoclassical style prevalent in 18th-century Europe, characterized by grand arcades, symmetrical buildings with elegant facades, and a monumental triumphal arch, the Arco da Rua Augusta, leading to the bustling Rua Augusta.
Praça do Comércio's significance extends beyond its architectural splendor. It served as the main gateway to Lisbon by sea, welcoming merchants and dignitaries arriving at the port. The centerpiece of the square is the equestrian statue of King José I, erected in 1775, which honors his role in rebuilding Lisbon and promoting trade and industry. The statue stands atop a pedestal adorned with allegorical figures representing prosperity and abundance.
Throughout history, Praça do Comércio has witnessed significant events, including royal receptions, political demonstrations, and even the assassination of King Carlos I and his son in 1908. Its strategic location by the Tagus River has made it a hub of maritime activity and trade, connecting Lisbon to the rest of the world.
Today, Praça do Comércio remains a vibrant cultural and social hub in Lisbon. The square hosts concerts, markets, and major public celebrations such as New Year's Eve festivities and the Lisbon Book Fair. It continues to attract visitors with its historical significance, stunning architecture, and panoramic views of the river and the iconic Ponte 25 de Abril bridge in the distance, embodying Lisbon's rich heritage and dynamic urban life.