Choanoflagellate and choanocyte

800mya we had a common ancestry with Sponges

Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"). Their bodies consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. While all animals have unspecialized cells that can transform into specialized cells, sponges are unique in having some specialized cells that can transform into other types, often migrating between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes, and the shapes of their bodies are adapted to maximize the efficiency of the water flow. All are sessile aquatic animals and, although there are freshwater species, the great majority are marine species, ranging from tidal zones to depths exceeding 8,800 metres.

Sponges create homes for a variety of different organisms (for example snails, shrimps, brittle stars, and fishes) and protect them from predators. Sponges grow on other animals (for example molluscs, barnacles, corals and crabs) which they use as camouflage, for example decorator crabs. Sponges also have mutualistic associations with microbes such as bacteria, micro algae and fungi. The microbes have a protected environment and in return carry out a whole range of survival functions for their host sponge, including metabolic function and removal of waste products. The microbial community within a single sponge can make up 40% of the sponges volume!

The current threat to the 11,000 species of sponges comes in the form of climate change which, while not affecting the sponges directly, is disrupting their relationship with aquatic microbes on which they depend on for nutrition and energy.

For more information see:

https://greentumble.com/the-main-reason-why-sea-sponges-are-threatened/

https://www.themarinediaries.com/tmd-blog/its-a-spongy-world

Ancestor's Trail
  1. Ancestor's Trail Hike
  2. Why Is Life On Earth Carbon-Based?
  3. Metazoans
  4. 900MYA we had a common ancestry with Choanoflagellates (non-animal eucaryotes)
  5. 800mya we had a common ancestry with Sponges
  6. 780mya we had a common ancestry with Placozoans
  7. 730mya Ctenophores
  8. 680mya Cnidarians
  9. 630mya Flatworms
  10. 590mya Protosomes
  11. 570mya Ambulacrarians
  12. 565mya Tunicates
  13. 560mya Cephalocordates
  14. 530mya Agnatha
  15. 460mya Chondrichthyes
  16. 440-450mya FIRST GREAT EXTINCTION
  17. 440mya Actinopterygii
  18. 417mya Dipnoi
  19. 360-375mya SECOND GREAT EXTINCTION
  20. 340mya Amphibians
  21. 310mya Sauropsids (lizard-faced non-mammalian chordates)
  22. 251mya THIRD GREAT EXTINCTION
  23. 205mya FOURTH GREAT EXTINCTION
  24. 180mya Monotremes
  25. 140mya Marsupials
  26. 105mya Afrotheres
  27. 95mya Xenarthrans
  28. 85mya Laurasiatheres
  29. 75mya Glires (Rodents and Lagomorphs)
  30. 70mya Non-primate Eurachonta (Cologus and Tree shrews)
  31. 65mya FIFTH GREAT EXTINCTION
  32. 63mya Prosimians
  33. 58mya Tarsiers
  34. 40mya Platyrrhini
  35. 25mya Catarrhini
  36. 18mya Lesser Apes
  37. 14mya Orangutans
  38. 7mya Gorillas
  39. 6mya Chimpanzees and Bonobos
  40. Human Evolution on the Ancestor's Trail
  41. 7 BILLION HUMANS