Metazoa

Metazoans

Approximately 1 billion years ago, individual cells started aggregating to form colonies of cells that were the precursors of all animal and plant life that we recognize today.  One billion years ago was Neoproterozoic era (the Tonian period, to be precise).


Other than unicellular fungi, bacteria, archeans, and a few multicellular algae and possible primitive metazoans, there was no life during the Tonian period. These primitive organisms probably inhabited the land immediately around water sources. In general, oxygen levels were lower in the Tonian than during the subsequent Cryogenian and Ediacaran, making the evolution of complex life difficult. Microbes gathered into large, thick colonies called microbial mats. These microbial mats have no modern-day analogues, as any exposed mats today would quickly be devoured by animals.

Early life was most probably single celled. Multicellularity has evolved independently dozens of times in the history of Earth, for example in plants and animals[1]. Multicellularity exists in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and first appeared several billion years ago in cyanobacteria. In order to reproduce, true multicellular organisms must solve the problem of regenerating a whole organism from germ cells (i.e. sperm and egg cells), an issue that is studied in developmental biology. Therefore, the development of sexual reproduction in unicellular organisms during the Mesoproterozoic is thought to have precipitated the development and rise of multicellular life

Age estimates prior to this time are tentative.  Before cells aggregated, there was single celled life for probably two billion years and before that, life consisted of replicating strands of RNA.  We are all now aware of how damaging these strands can be as Coronaviruses that usually cause the common cold and other respiratory diseases in humans belong to the family of RNA viruses.

Ancestor's Trail
  1. Ancestor's Trail Hike
  2. Why Is Life On Earth Carbon-Based?
  3. Metazoans
  4. 900MYA we had a common ancestry with Choanoflagellates (non-animal eucaryotes)
  5. 800mya we had a common ancestry with Sponges
  6. 780mya we had a common ancestry with Placozoans
  7. 730mya Ctenophores
  8. 680mya Cnidarians
  9. 630mya Flatworms
  10. 590mya Protosomes
  11. 570mya Ambulacrarians
  12. 565mya Tunicates
  13. 560mya Cephalocordates
  14. 530mya Agnatha
  15. 460mya Chondrichthyes
  16. 440-450mya FIRST GREAT EXTINCTION
  17. 440mya Actinopterygii
  18. 417mya Dipnoi
  19. 360-375mya SECOND GREAT EXTINCTION
  20. 340mya Amphibians
  21. 310mya Sauropsids (lizard-faced non-mammalian chordates)
  22. 251mya THIRD GREAT EXTINCTION
  23. 205mya FOURTH GREAT EXTINCTION
  24. 180mya Monotremes
  25. 140mya Marsupials
  26. 105mya Afrotheres
  27. 95mya Xenarthrans
  28. 85mya Laurasiatheres
  29. 75mya Glires (Rodents and Lagomorphs)
  30. 70mya Non-primate Eurachonta (Cologus and Tree shrews)
  31. 65mya FIFTH GREAT EXTINCTION
  32. 63mya Prosimians
  33. 58mya Tarsiers
  34. 40mya Platyrrhini
  35. 25mya Catarrhini
  36. 18mya Lesser Apes
  37. 14mya Orangutans
  38. 7mya Gorillas
  39. 6mya Chimpanzees and Bonobos
  40. Human Evolution on the Ancestor's Trail
  41. 7 BILLION HUMANS