The Church of Saint Roch, or Igreja de São Roque, in Lisbon is a significant religious and historical landmark. Built in the late 16th century, it is one of the earliest Jesuit churches in the Portuguese world, reflecting the Counter-Reformation's influence on architecture and decoration. Originally constructed on a cemetery for plague victims, the church was taken over by the Jesuits in 1553. Its plain exterior contrasts with a lavish Baroque interior, renowned for intricate gilded woodwork, ornate altars, and beautiful azulejos (traditional Portuguese tiles). Among its notable features is the Chapel of Saint John the Baptist, one of the most expensive chapels ever built, commissioned by King John V of Portugal and constructed in Rome using materials like lapis lazuli and ivory before being shipped to Lisbon. The church also features the Chapel of Our Lady of the Doctrine, known for its tile panels depicting scenes from the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, and the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament, with its impressive gilded altarpiece. The interior showcases Baroque art and craftsmanship, including a nave ceiling painted with scenes from the life of Saint Roch. Originally serving as the Jesuit headquarters in Portugal until their expulsion in the mid-18th century, the church was then transferred to the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, a charitable organization that still manages it. The Church of Saint Roch stands as a magnificent example of Jesuit architecture and Baroque art, reflecting the religious fervor and artistic ambitions of Portugal during its height of influence.